This work presents a novel posterior inference method for models with intractable evidence and likelihood functions. Error-guided likelihood-free MCMC, or EG-LF-MCMC in short, has been developed for scientific applications, where a researcher is interested in obtaining approximate posterior densities over model parameters, while avoiding the need for expensive training of component estimators on full observational data or the tedious design of expressive summary statistics, as in related approaches. Our technique is based on two phases. In the first phase, we draw samples from the prior, simulate respective observations and record their errors epsilon in relation to the true observation. We train a classifier to distinguish between corresponding and non-corresponding (epsilon; θ)-tuples. In the second stage the said classifier is conditioned on the smallest recorded epsilon value from the training set and employed for the calculation of transition probabilities in a Markov Chain Monte Carlo sampling procedure. By conditioning the MCMC on specific epsilon values, our method may also be used in an amortized fashion to infer posterior densities for observations, which are located a given distance away from the observed data. We evaluate the proposed method on benchmark problems with semantically and structurally different data and compare its performance against amortized approximate likelihood ratio MCMC (AALR-MCMC) and state of the art approximate Bayesian computation (ABC).

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